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70后院士发布科学成果 已不是第一次创造奇迹


刚刚过去的22日，这位70后中科院院士成为了总理的“座上宾”，和另外三位院士一起，在国务院第一会议室为总理以及国务院有关领导作了一场科学讲座。
讲座围绕世界新科技革命和产业变革总体态势以及人工智能、量子信息和基因编辑等进行。
听完后，总理感慨：“现在各种新事物、新技术、新业态层出不穷，我们必须不断加强学习，在政策制定中灵活运用。要紧紧跟踪新一轮科技革命和产业变革的脚步，千万不能沦为新的‘科盲’！”
在过去的一个多月里，潘建伟“大新闻”不断。他的团队近期刚刚宣布，已成功利用“墨子号”量子科学实验卫星在国际上率先成功实现了千公里级的星地双向量子纠缠分发，直接把此前的百公里级世界纪录提高了一个数量级。
这一成果已于6月16日以封面论文的形式发表在国际权威学术期刊《科学》上。从字面上看，这个新成果有点费解，到底有多震撼呢？
长安街知事APP曾经介绍过，“墨子号”量子科学实验卫星于去年8月16日凌晨在酒泉发射成功，实现了卫星和地面之间的量子通信。
量子通信正是迄今为止唯一被严格证明无条件安全的通信方式，被誉为信息安全“终极武器”，在金融、军事、政务等方面都有应用。美国、日本都瞄准了这一前沿领域，并启动了相关计划。
此次新发现中涉及到的量子纠缠，意思是两个处于纠缠状态的量子就像有“心灵感应”，无论相隔多远，一个量子状态变化，另一个也会改变。
量子纠缠分发，就是将一对有“感应”的量子分置于两地，这尤其适用于保密通信。以往的量子纠缠分发实验只停留在百公里的距离。
这早已不是潘建伟第一次创造奇迹。他27岁入选美国《科学》杂志“年度全球十大科技进展”；31岁任中国科学技术大学教授；32岁入选教育部“长江学者奖励计划”特聘教授；41岁当选为中国科学院院士；42岁斩获得国际量子通信大奖；45岁以第一完成人获得国家自然科学一等奖……
出生于1970年的潘建伟，从小在家人眼中就是个“捣蛋鬼”，“男孩爱干的事儿一件不落，喜欢挖野菜、钓鱼、游泳”。不过，父母从小就很重视对他能力的培养，从不限制他做什么，让他可以做自己感兴趣的事。
1987年至1995年，在获得中国科技大学理论物理学士和硕士学位后，潘建伟于1996年来到奥地利维也纳大学攻读博士学位，导师是量子力学的世界级大师塞林格。
他曾多次提到，在奥地利因斯布鲁克大学第一次见到这位导师时，塞林格教授问道：“你的梦想是什么？”他的答案脱口而出：“我要在中国建一个世界一流的量子物理实验室。”
潘建伟没有食言。1999年博士毕业后，潘建伟回国工作。此后，中国在量子物理领域出现的多个“世界首次”，都与潘建伟和他团队的付出密不可分。
2016年8月16日凌晨，我国成功发射了世界首颗量子科学试验卫星“墨子号”，标志着中国在量子通讯领域领跑全球。
2017年5月3日，中国科学院宣布，潘建伟研究团队不仅成功构建世界上第一台计算速度超越早期经典计算机的多光子量子计算机，而且实现了10个超导量子比特的高精度操纵。由此打破了此前谷歌、美国航空航天局和加州大学圣芭芭拉分校曾宣布实现的9个超导量子比特的高精度操纵的记录。
不过，面对取得的这些成就，这位“70”后院士内心仍然充满危机感。想到众多国际同行们试图赶超的决心，潘建伟丝毫不敢懈怠。
“站在世界的最前排与宇宙对话，以先贤的名义，做前无古人的事业。”这句“感动中国”十大人物评委会给潘建伟的颁奖词，正是对他艰辛付出的最好注解。

2017-06-26 12:20:56    来源：长安街知事  70后院士发布科学成果 已不是第一次创造奇迹
http://news.ubetween.com/2017/hotnews_0626/343340.html





China’s quantum satellite achieves ‘spooky action’ at record distance
BY GABRIEL POPKIN JUN. 15, 2017
Result paves way for hack-proof quantum communications

Quantum entanglement—physics at its strangest—has moved out of this world and into space. In a study that shows China's growing mastery of both the quantum world and space science, a team of physicists reports that it sent eerily intertwined quantum particles from a satellite to ground stations separated by 1200 kilometers, smashing the previous world record. The result is a stepping stone to ultrasecure communication networks and, eventually, a space-based quantum internet.

"It's a huge, major achievement," says Thomas Jennewein, a physicist at the University of Waterloo in Canada. "They started with this bold idea and managed to do it."

Entanglement involves putting objects in the peculiar limbo of quantum superposition, in which an object's quantum properties occupy multiple states at once: like Schrödinger's cat, dead and alive at the same time. Then those quantum states are shared among multiple objects. Physicists have entangled particles such as electrons and photons, as well as larger objects such as superconducting electric circuits.

Theoretically, even if entangled objects are separated, their precarious quantum states should remain linked until one of them is measured or disturbed. That measurement instantly determines the state of the other object, no matter how far away. The idea is so counterintuitive that Albert Einstein mocked it as "spooky action at a distance."
Starting in the 1970s, however, physicists began testing the effect over increasing distances. In 2015, the most sophisticated of these tests, which involved measuring entangled electrons 1.3 kilometers apart, showed once again that spooky action is real.
Beyond the fundamental result, such experiments also point to the possibility of hack-proof communications. Long strings of entangled photons, shared between distant locations, can be "quantum keys" that secure communications. Anyone trying to eavesdrop on a quantum-encrypted message would disrupt the shared key, alerting everyone to a compromised channel.
But entangled photons degrade rapidly as they pass through the air or optical fibers. So far, the farthest anyone has sent a quantum key is a few hundred kilometers. "Quantum repeaters" that rebroadcast quantum information could extend a network's reach, but they aren't yet mature. Many physicists have dreamed instead of using satellites to send quantum information through the near-vacuum of space. "Once you have satellites distributing your quantum signals throughout the globe, you've done it," says Verónica Fernández Mármol, a physicist at the Spanish National Research Council in Madrid. "You've leapfrogged all the problems you have with losses in fibers."



Jian-Wei Pan, a physicist at the University of Science and Technology of China in Shanghai, got the chance to test the idea when the Micius satellite, named after an ancient Chinese philosopher, was launched in August 2016. The satellite is the foundation of the $100 million Quantum Experiments at Space Scale program, one of several missions that China hopes will make it a space science power on par with the United States and Europe.
In their first experiment, the team sent a laser beam into a light-altering crystal on the satellite. The crystal emitted pairs of photons entangled so that their polarization states would be opposite when one was measured. The pairs were split, with photons sent to separate receiving stations in Delingha and Lijiang, 1200 kilometers apart. Both stations are in the mountains of Tibet, reducing the amount of air the fragile photons had to traverse. This week in Science, the team reports simultaneously measuring more than 1000 photon pairs. They found the photons had opposite polarizations far more often than would be expected by chance, thus confirming spooky action over a record distance (though the 2015 test over a shorter distance was more stringent).

The team had to overcome many hurdles, including keeping the beams of photons focused on the ground stations as the satellite hurtled through space at nearly 8 kilometers per second. "Showing and demonstrating it is quite a challenging task," says Alexander Ling, a physicist at the National University of Singapore. "It's very encouraging." However, Ling notes that Pan's team recovered only about one photon out of every 6 million sent from the satellite—far better than ground-based experiments but still far too few for practical quantum communication.
Pan expects China's National Space Science Center to launch additional satellites with stronger and cleaner beams that could be detected even when the sun is shining. (Micius operates only at night.) "In the next 5 years we plan to launch some really practical quantum satellites," he says. In the meantime, he plans to use Micius to distribute quantum keys to Chinese ground stations, which will require longer strings of photons and additional steps. Then he wants to demonstrate intercontinental quantum key distribution between stations in China and Austria, which will require holding one half of an entangled photon pair on board until the Austrian ground station appears within view of the satellite. He also plans to teleport a quantum state—a technique for transferring quantum-encoded information without moving an actual object—from a third Tibetan observatory to the satellite.
Other countries are inching toward quantum space experiments of their own. Ling is teaming up with physicists in Australia to send quantum information between two satellites, and the Canadian Space Agency recently announced funding for a small quantum satellite. European and U.S. teams are also proposing putting quantum instruments on the International Space Station. One goal is to test whether entanglement is affected by a changing gravitational field, by comparing a photon that stays in the weaker gravitational environment of orbit with an entangled partner sent to Earth, says Anton Zeilinger, a physicist at the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna. "There are not many experiments which test links between gravity and quantum physics."
The implications go beyond record-setting demonstrations: A network of satellites could someday connect the quantum computers being designed in labs worldwide. Pan's paper "shows that China is making the right decisions," says Zeilinger, who has pushed the European Space Agency to launch its own quantum satellite. "I'm personally convinced that the internet of the future will be based on these quantum principles."


Posted in:

• Physics
• Space

DOI: 10.1126/science.aan6972

总理走过的这30米走廊,开启一扇科技和产业变革的窗口

当天下午,李克强主持国务院党组理论学习中心组学习讲座。总理特意邀请了白春礼、潘云鹤、潘建伟、周琪4位院士分别围绕世界新科技革命和产业变革总体态势、人工智能、量子科学和基因编辑作专题讲解。
发布时间：2017.06.26


总理请来四位院士,国务院第一会议室成了“科学讲堂”

”李克强总理开门见山说。中国科学院院士白春礼、潘云鹤、潘建伟和周琪先后围绕世界新科技革命和产业变革总体态势以及人工智能、量子信息和基因编辑等专题作讲解。
发布时间：2017.06.25


量子通信研究 中国继续领跑
这项成果是中国科学技术大学教授潘建伟及其同事彭承志等组成的研究团队,联合中国科学院上海技术物理研究所王建宇研究组、微小卫星创新研究院、光电技术研究所、国家天文台、紫金山天文台、国家空间科学中心等,...
发布时间：2017.06.17


新闻分析:为何中国科研能屡创世界纪录
过去20年,中国研发投入每年都有两位数的增长。”世界首颗量子卫星诞生在中国就是一个很好案例。中国量子卫星项目首席科学家潘建伟早年在奥地利师从量子研究大师安东·蔡林格。
发布时间：2017.06.16


安徽省8位科学家获首届全国创新争先奖
◎ 陈仙辉、谢毅、潘建伟获全国创新争先奖章◎ 杜江峰、李建刚、杨善林、吴剑旗、袁亮获全国创新争先奖状5月27日,庆祝全国科技工作者日暨创新争先奖励大会在京举行,我国10个科研团队、...
发布时间：2017.05.28


世界首台超越早期经典计算机的光量子计算机在我国诞生
中科院院士、中国科学技术大学教授潘建伟及其同事陆朝阳、朱晓波等,联合浙江大学教授王浩华研究组,近期在基于光子和超导体系的量子计算机研究方面取得了系列突破性进展。
发布时间：2017.05.03


安徽省力推“全创改”争当“领头羊”
…5月初,由中科大潘建伟院士团队主导研制的世界首台超越早期经典计算机的光量子计算机诞生,标志着我国在基于光子的量子计算机研究方面取得突破性进展,为最终实现超越经典计算能力的量子计算奠定了坚实基础。
发布时间：2017.05.21


基础研究开启新一轮“加速跑”
近年来,我国科学家的最新成果屡获大奖,王贻芳研究团队获2016年基础物理学突破奖,潘建伟、方忠团队多次获美、欧物理学十大年度突破。
发布时间：2017.04.02


全国政协十二届五次会议第三次全体会议大会发言

新华社记者 王晔 摄3月10日,全国政协十二届五次会议在北京人民大会堂举行第三次全体会议。这是潘建伟委员代表九三学社中央作《敢于担当 从我做起 为建设科技强国建功立业》的发言。
发布时间：2017.03.10


世界首颗量子科学实验卫星“墨子号”正式交付使用

新华社记者 金立旺 摄1月18日,量子卫星首席科学家潘建伟在交付仪式上致辞。当日,世界首颗量子科学实验卫星“墨子号”在圆满完成4个月的在轨测试任务后,正式交付用户单位使用。
发布时间：2017.01.19

China successfully launches x-ray satellite
BY DENNIS NORMILE  JUN. 15, 2017
Gamma ray bursts, black holes, and more will be under new scrutiny

China successfully launches x-ray satellite
By Dennis NormileJun. 15, 2017 , 11:00 AM
China’s first astronomical satellite, an x-ray telescope that will search the sky for black holes, neutron stars, and other extremely energetic phenomena, raced into orbit today after a morning launch from the Gobi Desert.

The 2.5-ton Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT), dubbed Insight according to the official Xinhua news agency, was carried aloft by a Long March-4B rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The newest of several x-ray telescope in space, the HXMT will observe some of the most turbulent processes in the universe. The x-rays generated by those events cannot penetrate Earth’s atmosphere; they can only be observed by instruments mounted on high-altitude balloons or satellites. The HXMT carries three x-ray telescopes observing at energies ranging from 20 to 200 kilo-electron volts as well as an instrument to monitor the space environment, according to its designers. While orbiting 550 kilometers above the planet, the HXMT will perform an all-sky survey that is expected to discover a thousand new x-ray sources. Over an expected operating lifetime of 4 years, it will also conduct focused observations of black holes, neutron stars, and gamma ray bursts.

This latest achievement by China’s space science program “is certainly welcomed” by the astronomical community, says Andrew Fabian, a theoretical astrophysicist at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom. “It’s very meaningful that they’ve launched their first astronomical satellite and this will pave the way for others,” he says. Fabian predicts that the HXMT sky survey will prove particularly valuable for catching transient x-ray sources that emerge, flare up to tremendous brightness, and then just as quickly fade away. As yet, the processes behind x-ray transients are poorly understood. Other missions are also trying to catch transients in the act. But “any satellite looking at that phenomena is going to find interesting things and do good science,” Fabian says.

The HMXT is the last of the cluster of four space science missions covered under China’s 12th 5-year plan that were developed by the National Space Science Center (NSSC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing—the other three are a dark matter probe, a collection of microgravity experiments, and a test of long-range quantum entanglement. Funding constraints meant all four had to be developed simultaneously, and all four were launched over the course of 18 months. “This is not a sustainable way to have a science program,” NSSC Director Ji Wu told Science in a 2016 interview.

It would be better to get steady funding annually instead of in 5-year lump sums, he said. Nevertheless, NSSC has again gotten a 5-year budget to develop its next batch of four space science missions, all of which will likely be launched between 2020 and 2022. Among these is the Einstein Probe, a next-generation x-ray telescope that Fabian expects will build on the accomplishments of the HXMT.

Posted in: Asia/PacificSpace
DOI: 10.1126/science.aan6975