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二维码2016-03-28 09:34

视频:实拍鳄鱼与巨蟒激战后瘫软被生吞下肚
实拍橄榄蟒吞噬淡水鳄鱼全过程令人难以置信
@逗元帅：一名爱好皮艇的澳大利亚女子，在昆士兰遇到一条巨大的橄榄蟒吞噬一只淡水鳄鱼。
冒着生命危险用镜头记录下了这令人难以置信的一幕，
最后蟒蛇对着镜头顽皮的一笑，好像刚才只什么也没发生一样。

一条橄榄蟒（olive python）紧紧缠住一只澳洲淡水鳄（Johnson's crocodile）。这张照片是用手机拍下的，摄于澳洲昆士兰。

（神秘的地球报道）据美国国家地理：在澳洲昆士兰北部，一条3公尺长的橄榄蟒搏斗了许久之后制服了一只澳洲淡水鳄。一个幸运的路人拍下了这个过程。
我们采访了南达科塔州拉皮德城爬虫公园的园长泰瑞・菲利普（Terry Phillip），向他请教蟒蛇和鳄鱼之间的关系，以及蟒蛇如何控制食量。
看这些照片会觉得似乎是两只怪兽在打斗，而那条蛇后来也许会后悔吃下这一餐。这是碰巧被人拍到的罕见时刻，还是野外的常见状况？

An olive python has a Johnson's crocodile in a stranglehold, as seen in a mobile phone image from Queensland, Australia.

首先，这些动物不是什么巨兽。那条蛇应该只有7~9公斤，鳄鱼则大概是2~3公斤、1 公尺长。对这些原生于澳洲那一区的物种而言，这种事非常自然。虽然看起来很像一顿大餐，但对橄榄蟒而言却很正常。若以相同的体重来讲，橄榄蟒的力气大得惊人，而且常吃大型食物。
在这种情境下，蛇面临的危险是什么？
牙齿。鳄鱼的牙齿有可能会直接割破蛇的身体。如果鳄鱼还有办法摇头的话，就有可能造成严重伤害——但这次它八成没那个机会。这就是蛇都刻意攻击脖子与肩膀部位的原因之一，可以避免自己被咬到。它们会咬住鳄鱼的后脑杓，然后卷起身体勒住它。但蛇就算被咬到，它们惊人的免疫系统也可以抵抗很多种感染。我们会在野生蛇身上看到一些巨大的伤疤，它们确实也有被猎物痛殴的时候。
在这种情境下，蛇一定会赢吗？
不见得。这两种动物在自己的环境里都是顶尖捕食者。大型的澳洲淡水鳄会吃掉体型较小的蟒蛇，反之亦然。
像蟒蛇这种靠收缩肌肉来勒死猎物的动物如何知道什么时候算「安全」，可以放手大吃了？
蛇对猎物的心跳非常敏感。蟒蛇通常会收缩到猎物窒息、心跳停止为止。但鳄鱼可以憋气很久。所以我猜以这个案例而言，蛇可能会勒得非常用力，压迫鳄鱼的胸腔，直到它的心脏没有空间跳动。因此鳄鱼应该是死于心跳停止而不是窒息。
我们常听说蛇为了吃下大型猎物，可以「拆开」它们的上下颚。是这样的吗？
不是。蛇没有下巴，也没有下巴骨，所以它们上下颚的连接方式和我们不同。没有什么好「拆开」的。它们只有弹性非常好的韧带，负责控制嘴巴张开的大小。

蛇似乎「知道」要从最细的部位—-也就是口鼻端—-吃下猎物，因为这样最好吞。这是本能吗？
应该有牵涉到本能。野外的和圈养的蛇都有这种独特行为。杀死猎物后，它们会先放开，休息一阵子。然后开始吃之前，它们会用鼻孔和舌头东闻西嗅，寻找猎物口水的味道。它们想找的就是那一端。鳄鱼本身没有口水，但也许黏液的味道也可以。

你听说过被蟒蛇吃掉的最大猎物是什么？
曾经有一条紫晶蟒（橄榄蟒的近亲）吃掉一只袋鼠，那只袋鼠的体重大概是蟒蛇的1.1倍。那真的是一顿大餐。但蛇经常吃下等同于自己75%到100%体重的食物。
佛罗里达曾经发生过缅甸蟒（Burmese python）吃掉一只鳄鱼后身体爆炸的案例。你怎么看这件事？那条蛇是不是误判了自己能够吞下的食物大小？
蛇偶尔会吃到一半放弃，因为发现猎物太大了。但这种事不常有。佛罗里达事件是这样的：那条蛇成功地杀死并吃掉了一只鳄鱼，整只吞下去。蛇确实赢了没错。但佛罗里达并不是适合缅甸蟒生存的环境，不像它们东南亚的原生栖地那么温暖。因此这条蛇没办法以够快的速度消化、防止食物腐坏。食物一旦开始在蛇的肚子里腐烂，蛇就死定了。它身体爆炸是因为这个过程，不是因为鳄鱼太大只。
回到澳洲吧。那条橄榄蟒吃掉澳洲淡水鳄之后，可能会有多久的时间不吃饭？
橄榄蟒是伏击型的捕食者，所以如果有另外一餐送上门来，它应该不会放过。为了消化食物，它会有大约十天的时间处于相对沉寂的状态，但接下来三个礼拜，它有什么吃什么。但这种蛇需要的热量还蛮低的。就算在这个季节结束前都不吃东西，它也绝对没问题。
鳄鱼的哪些身体部位可以让蛇转化成能量？
所有的骨头、肉和器官都会被消化利用。吃完之后的2~3 个星期内，会有很多鳞片和牙齿被排泄出来。含有角质和珐琅质的东西无法消化，所以会排出。

摄影： TIFFANY CORLIS, ABC NORTHWEST VIA EPA
撰文：Jennifer S. Holland, National Geographic

澳大利亚一名女子和朋友出行，来到河边听到草丛有什么动静。几个人跑到河边被看到的这一幕吓傻了。

在河边她看到一条澳大利亚独有的橄榄蟒，这条数米长巨蟒看起来特别吓人。

当她再近一点发现巨蟒正在吞吃什么东西，显然她刚才错过一场巨蟒和猎物的战斗。

巨蟒缠住的是一条大鳄鱼。

看起来鳄鱼已经没有还手之力，巨蟒开始从头部吞吃鳄鱼。

所有巨蟒都有一个神奇的肚子，你很难想象巨蟒把大它们数倍的猎物是怎么吃下去的。

可怜的鳄鱼不幸成了巨蟒的午餐。

吃完这条鳄鱼，这条大蛇几个月可以不吃东西了。

巨蟒吃相可怖。

整条鳄鱼已经被这条巨蟒吞下了肚。

巨蟒身体都被撑的变了形。

吃饱喝足的蟒蛇心满意足的走了，不得不佩服这名女子的胆量。不过还是要提醒大家，在野外遇到这种大家伙一定要头也不回的逃走。

Oliver & olive python

图片：jm1.jpg

图片：jm2.jpg

来源：神秘的地球网站编辑：杨毅时间：2014年7月09日 20:07 澳洲昆士兰橄榄蟒绞杀淡水鳄
http://www.uux.cn/viewnews-62324.html
http://tech.gmw.cn/2015-04/20/content_15412826.htm
http://mini.eastday.com/a/160327142346252.htm
http://www.guancha.cn/Neighbors/2014_03_05_211146.shtml
http://addly.cn/201401AuRefine/20140114a/IMG_20140114_134241.jpg

8个回复, 0个喜欢

评论1 来自于:二维码

2016-03-28 10:10 0人喜欢

据英国《每日邮报》3月3日报道，在澳大利亚昆士兰蒙太拿湖（Lake Moondarra）旁，上演了一场旷世持久的斗争“大戏”。一条3米多长的巨蟒打败了一只约1米长的淡水鳄鱼，并整个吞下了这只爬行动物。

这一幕正好被当地人蒂芙尼•克里斯（Tiffany Corlis）看到，她没有上前打扰，而是小心地在旁边拍摄了这一过程的全部照片。

据说，“蛇鳄之战”进行了5个多小时，这条巨蟒以闪电般的速度突然裹住鳄鱼，不管鳄鱼怎么用力都无法摆脱巨蟒力量强大的身体，最终鳄鱼被紧紧包裹的巨蟒活活绞死。

之后，巨蟒将它拖上了岸，然后把鳄鱼整个吞了进去。于是，这只鳄鱼变成了一顿丰盛的午餐。吃完午餐后的巨蟒比原先大了2倍，它慢悠悠地游进旁边的灌木沼泽地消化食物。

《国家地理》确定了这条巨蟒的品种是巴布亚蟒（olive python），而鳄鱼则是约翰逊鳄鱼（Johnson’s Crocodile），它们都原产于澳大利亚。

虽然蟒蛇看起来完成了不可能完成的任务，但是昆士兰大学的生物科学院蛇专家布莱恩·弗莱（Bryan Fry）表示，对于巴布亚蟒，吞食这种尺寸的淡水鳄鱼是司空见惯的事。据悉，巴布亚蟒体重约为35磅（约16公斤），通常该类蛇的体重大约在21磅重（约9.6公斤）左右，这意味着它们可以吞下14磅重的食物。

在这顿午餐过后，这条巨蟒应该至少一个月不用吃东西了。
（观察者网译赫芬顿邮报报道）

Pictures: How a Python Can Swallow a Crocodile

National Geographic-2014年3月4日
In an epic battle in northern Queensland, Australia, a 10-foot olive python got the best of a Johnson's crocodile, and a lucky passerby snapped ...
Olive Python Swallows Freshwater Crocodile In Australia Because ...
University Herald-2014年3月4日

Incredible images of crocodile cannibalism show the shocking cruelty of nature

Remember—be croc wise in croc country bit.ly/croc-wise
Posted by Queensland National Parks on Monday, 30 November 2015

Crocodiles in the wild are an incredible sight, but this picture is as scary as it is awe-inspiring, as it shows a croc versus croc fight.
The pictures, which were shared on the Queensland National Parks Facebook page , show a duel to the death between two saltwater crocodiles .
The larger creature seems to be grabbing the smaller at Catfish Waterhole in Rinyirru (Lakefield) National Park in North Queensland.
The final photo shows the larger reptile win out, as he consumes the smaller one.
Read more: Cannibal crocodile? Massive creature is caught on camera eating one of its own species
Shared online, the caption read: "Sandra Bell sent us these spectacular photos of a croc eating another croc at Rinyirru (Lakefield) National Park (CYPAL) in Tropical North Queensland.

Remember—be croc wise in croc country bit.ly/croc-wise
Posted by Queensland National Parks on Monday, 30 November 2015

"It happened just a couple of hundred metres from our warning sign, so it's a good reminder to remember to be croc wise in croc country."
The Queensland region has a CrocWise page which details how to stay safe when the reptiles are around.

Remember—be croc wise in croc country bit.ly/croc-wise
Posted by Queensland National Parks on Monday, 30 November 2015

Guidelines include obeying the crocodile signs and never swimming in water where crocodiles may swim or live.
"Crocodiles are potentially dangerous. Never take unnecessary risks in crocodile habitat," they say.

评论2 来自于:二维码

2016-03-28 10:32 0人喜欢

An olive python has a Johnson's crocodile in a stranglehold, as seen in a mobile phone image from Queensland, Australia.
PHOTOGRAPH BY TIFFANY CORLIS, ABC NORTHWEST VIA EPA
IN AN EPIC BATTLE IN NORTHERN QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA, A 10-FOOT OLIVE PYTHONGOT THE BEST OF A JOHNSON'S CROCODILE, AND A LUCKY PASSERBY SNAPPED PHOTOS.
We talked to Terry Phillip, curator of reptiles at Reptile Gardens in Rapid City, South Dakota, about python-croc relations and portion control at mealtime.

These photos suggest two monstrous animals battling, and then a snake that might just regret its meal later. Is this a rare moment that someone happened to capture or just a standard day in the wild?

First, these animals aren't giants. That snake is likely about 15 or 20 pounds [7 to 9 kilograms], and the croc might be 5 to 7 pounds [2 to 3 kilograms], probably three feet [one meter] long. And for these species, native to that part of Australia, this is a very natural event. While that looks like a really big meal, it's a pretty common one for that type of snake. Olive snakes are known for being phenomenally powerful, pound for pound, and for feeding on large food items.

What danger is there to the snake in this scenario?

Teeth. The croc's teeth could razor right through that snake. If the croc could then shake its head, it could do real damage—but it probably wouldn't have that chance here. That's one reason snakes intentionally go for the neck and shoulder region when they attack, to try to avoid being bitten themselves. They'll grab on just behind the skull and coil up to hold the croc in place. But even if a snake is bitten, it has a phenomenal immune system and can fight off many infections. We see huge scars on wild snakes; they do get beaten up by their prey.PHOTOGRAPH BY TIFFANY CORLIS, ABC NORTHWEST VIA EPA

Would the snake always win in this scenario?

Not necessarily. Both of these are apex predators in their environment. Big Johnson's crocs eat little pythons and vice versa.

How does a constrictor like a python know when it's "safe" to let go and eat?

Snakes are very sensitive to their prey's heartbeat. Normally a python will constrict until the animal asphyxiates and the heart stops. But crocs can go a long time without oxygen. In this case I'd guess that the snake constricted with such force that it compressed the chest cavity until the croc's heart had no room to beat. So the croc probably died of cardiac arrest rather than suffocation.

We always hear that snakes can "unhinge" or dislocate their jaws to eat big food. Is that what's going on?

No. Snakes have no chin, no chin bone, so their jaws aren't connected the way ours are. There's nothing to dislocate. Instead there are really stretchy ligaments that determine how wide the mouth can open.

Snakes seem to "know" to eat their prey from the narrowest point—the mouth end—which makes the animal easiest to swallow; is this instinctive?

There's probably some instinct at work there. It's a particular behavior you see with snakes in the wild and captivity. After killing the animal they'll let go and rest. Then before eating they'll search around using their nostrils and tongue to find the smell of saliva from the animal. That's the end they want. With crocs there isn't saliva per se, but maybe the smell of mucus does the trick.

评论3 来自于:二维码

2016-03-28 10:32 0人喜欢

What's the biggest prey item you've heard of one eating?

It was a scrub python—closely related to olives—that ate a wallaby that was about 110 percent of its body weight. That was a good-size meal. But snakes regularly eat items 75 to 100 percent their size.After crushing the crocodile to death, the python begins to eat it face first.

PHOTOGRAPH BY TIFFANY CORLIS, ABC NORTHWEST VIA EPA
What do you make of the case in Florida in which a Burmese python's body burst after eating a crocodile? Did the snake use bad judgment about how much it could handle?

Snakes may occasionally start eating something and then abandon it after realizing it's too big. But that's not usual. Here's what actually happened in Florida. The snake successfully killed and ate the croc, swallowed the whole thing. The snake did win. But Florida is an unnatural environment for that snake species; it's not as warm as the snake's habitat in Southeast Asia. So the snake couldn't digest fast enough to keep the food from rotting. Once it started to rot inside the snake, the snake began to die. Its body split open because of that process, not because the croc was too large.

Back to Australia, after eating the Johnson's croc, how long might that olive python go without eating?

These are ambush predators, so the snake isn't likely to pass up another meal that came along. It would go relatively dormant for about ten days to digest, but over the next three weeks it would take what it could get. However, the caloric needs of that type of snake is pretty low. It could certainly go the rest of the season without a meal.

What parts of the croc can the snake use for energy?

All the bones, flesh, and organs are digested and used. A lot of scales will pass through, and the teeth, over the two to three weeks after the kill. Things with keratin and enamel aren't digestible, so they'll come back out.

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